Gmo Cannabis Cup

[trichcycler]

tis stuff has been going on for decades !

An excerpt from:

Wright JW. 1976. Introduction to Forest Genetics. Academic Press, New York. pages 415-417

Induction by Colchicine and Podophyllin

These chemicals are the most common means of inducing polyploidy.
They do not affect chromosome division as much as they inhibit the
spindle fiber mechanism by which divided chromosomes are drawn to
the poles. Thus the chromosomes divide but do not pass poleward and
a 2n cell becomes 4n.

Of the two chemicals, colchicine is used most commonly. It is usually
applied as a weak (0.1 to 0.5%) aqueous solution for a period of several
hours or several days. It is effective on any actively growing tissue,
such as a root tip or germinating pollen grain. However, the goal is
a tree or branch capable of producing 4n flowers. To achieve that goal
it must be applied to an actively growing apical meristem, such as in
a germinating seed or an actively growing bud. Germinating seeds can
be soaked in a colchicine solution. Growing buds can be surrounded
by colchicine-soaked cotton. Einspahr (1965) obtained 50 4n aspen seed-
lings by soaking entire female catkins in a 0.3% solution for 1 day at
a time when the fertilized embryos consisted of a few cells. At the
Hessian Forest Research Institute, good results have been obtained by
treating young seedlings having only one leaf with a 0.3 to 0.4% colchicine
solution for 72 hr (Anonymous, 1975). -The third year after treatment
approximately 40% of the seedlings were polyploid or mixoploid.

An actively growing apical meristem in a germinating seed or bud
consists of two self-perpetuating tissues, the outer tunica and the inner
corpus. These in turn differentiate into other meristems, such as leaf
primordia, flower primordia, and cambium. The exact meristems derived
from the tunica and corpus, respectively, vary among groups of trees.

Both the tunica and the corpus consist of several dividing cells.
It is relatively easy to find a concentration of colchicine which can
cause chromosome doubling in a few cells of the tunica, but it is difficult
to obtain a concentration that will cause simultaneous chromosome dou-
bling in all cells of both layers. Trial and error is the best method.
The best concentrations and times are those which result in some mor-
tality and in a high percentage of seedlings or shoots with gross abnor-
malities. The best results have been obtained with small-seeded species,
such as the poplars, willows, ehns, birches, and alders. In these species
it has been easiest to obtain good penetration into both tunica and
corpus.


Recognition and Treatment of Polyploids after Colchicine Treatment

The poisonous effects of colchicine seem to last for several cell
generations, and newly induced 4n tissue seems to grow more slowly
than surrounding 2n tissue. As colchicine rarely acts on all cells in a
growing point, artificial induction usually results in mixtures (called
mixoploids or chimeras) of 2n and 4n tissue. These mixtures may be of
various types, i.e., one branch 4n and another branch 2n, top of leaf 2n
and bottom of leaf 4n. If part of the top of a leaf is 4n and the bottom
is faster growing 2n, the leaf curls upward; if the reverse is true the leaf
curls downward. Thus, misshapen leaves, crooked branches, and general
growth abnormalities are the first indications of successful colchicine
treatment. The abnormalities gradually lessen and totally disappear as a
branch or tree becomes wholly 4n or 2n.

After the disappearance of such abnormalities, 4n cells usually have
twice the volume and 20 to 25% greater length or width than 2n cells.
Such increases in cell size are detected most easily in stomatal guard
cells, which can be measured at magnffications of about 100 X with
a light-reflecting microscope. Stomatal measurement is a quick way to
determine whether all or most of the leaves on a branch are polyploid.
Leaf size is also a convenient way to determine approximate chromo-
some number.'ln conifers generally, polyploidy is usually accompanied
by a decrease in rate of cell division so that leaves are apt to be
small in spite of the increase in cell size. In many hardwoods there
is no change in rate of cell division so that leaves and other organs
are apt to be larger than normal.

However, since the tunica and corpus give rise to different organs,
the presence of 4n leaves on a branch is no guarantee that the branch
will produce 4n flowers. Thus final proof must come at time of flowering.
This can be done by examination of pollen grains (4n grains are usually
larger than 2n grains), by actual chromosome counts in dividing gameto-
phytic cells, or by actual chromosome counts of seedlings produced
by the branch.

As already noted, there is a tendency for newly produced 4n tissue
to grow more slowly than surrounding 2n tissue. Therefore complete
reversion to the 2n condition is common. To overcome this tendency
it is advisable to observe treated seedlings at frequent intervals, identify
2n and 4n sectors quickly, and remove 2n buds or branches.

[trichcycler]

The "pharmaceutical grade" cannabis bill makes more sense in light of these articles, don't you think?

Not to me it doesn't! "Pharmaceutical Grade" means patented, which means GMO! Keeping this plant out of the hands of the

billionaire patent monger techno tinkerers is near impossible, but keeping an eye out for GMO movement and

denying support for it will go a long way in keeping this out of our medicine. Consider much of certain class medicines are GMO

creations, very well accepted by Americans despite their ridiculous costs, often thousands of dollars per month.

[trichcycler]

<iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/8E07g-03jYI?feature=player_detailpage" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Edited December 1, 2014 by grassmatch

[Wild Bill]

I'll definitely be encouraging boycotts of any company selling these Frankenseeds. They're already polluting the food supply in order to corner the market and now they're going after our meds.
 

[imiubu]

.

Edited May 24, 2015 by imiubu

[jointedone]

Then GROW YOUR OWN FOOD. Like the MMJ pts that can't grow,do it yourself,or PAY the price.

[trichcycler]

just think, if we grew our own foods we might;

 

get healthier,stronger, needing less medical attention

get smarter, recognizing the food atrocities

save money on food, so less taxed working is necessary

trade our goods for services and products, needing less money

spend more time with family, for the less television win

naturally recycle more daily products, requiring less replacements

Have peaceful minds, to spread more love.

 

Now who would benefit if we're unable to grow our own?

[trichcycler]

 

Why Legalize Marijuana? Because GMO Pot Is On Its Way

 

gmo-pot-is-on-is-way-monsanto

 

 

 

U.S. corporation Monsanto plans to launch production of genetically modified marijuana, and companies such as Drug Policy Alliance y Open Society Foundation are going to create our own brand, which will be produced under cannabis, information portal La Red 21.

 

 

 

Organization of Open Society Foundation is under the control of the shareholder Monsanto, billionaire George Soros. Company Drug Policy Alliance y Open Society Foundation, funded by Monsanto will be responsible for market development of transgenic seeds of marijuana, particularly in Uruguay.

Uruguay – the first country in the world to officially legalize the production and sale of marijuana. Initiator of the law was the leadership of the State, headed by President Jose Mujica. According to authorities, a guarantee of success in Uruguay marijuana legalization should be state regulation of prices for hemp.

There are many reasons why Monsanto and other companies producing GMOs would like to learn a new product. Marijuana may be the next major GMO crop. First of all, the company plans to produce GMO manipulate so-called “medical marijuana”. If pharmacists join with GMO companies, pharmaceutical mafia can create transgenic strains with the ability to produce more active compounds which are patented and can be implemented as a medicine.

It is also worth noting that former strategic director Jamin Shively Microsoft also announced that it plans to patent in the U.S. is the first national brand under which will be produced hemp imported from Mexico. The new company is based in Seattle.

Businessman said that the initial funding for the project is $ 10 million to start the company’s products will be distributed only in two U.S. states, but at the request of Shively: “We will seek to ensure that in our hands was 40% of cannabis in the world.”

http://naturalcuresnotmedicine.com/why-legalize-marijuana-because-gmo-pot-is-on-its-way/

[trichcycler]

Scientists to Produce THC in Yeast

 

 

By Mike Adams · Wed Jul 16, 2014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RSS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Scientists are working to develop an innovative new method for effectively producing the primary compounds of marijuana without being forced to endure the lengthy cultivation process -- a manner by which they hope to genetically engineer cannabinoids using yeast.

 

The mad science minds of Hyasynth Bio, a newly formed biotech firm in Ireland, are currently experimenting with the production of the cannabinoids THC and CBD by transplanting the genetic code into yeast. Through this process, researchers believe they will be able to rapidly grow medical-grade marijuana in a laboratory setting and potentially eliminate the need for traditional grow houses.

 

"Right now, growing medical marijuana is expensive and it's heavily regulated as well. It's slow to grow, you've got to go through several different strains before you get a stable blend," said Sarah Choukah, the CEO of Hyasynth Bio, in a recent interview with VICE. "We're thinking to bypass all this, to make it quick to grow, we can develop pot from technology that could give us customizable blends of yeast."

 

Over a decade ago, the concept of engineering cannabinoids by transferring DNA to other organisms was discussed in detail in an article by Ed Rosenthal entitled “Can Another Plant Be Made to Contain THC?” In the piece, Rosenthal points out of a very realistic concern when considering the potential of marketing transgenic cannabis: marijuana purists are not likely to have any interest in a product that has been genetically engineered.

 

And while Rosenthal’s argument is certainly valid, researchers at Hyasynth Bio say their yeast weed concept is not for the average marijuana user. According to the lab’s website, its primary goal is to produce THC and CBD strains in a matter of days as opposed to waiting for plants to mature, while, at the same time, providing fast and effective medicine for patients suffering from conditions including epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis and chronic pain.

 

Researchers admit their yeast-based marijuana project is something that scientists have been dabbling in for several years, but due to the legalities of marijuana research, those efforts never came to fruition. According to Choukah, this is the primary reason her team has decided to set their sights on the medical side of the industry. Yet, she believes they will eventually explore the possibility of getting involved with the recreational market.

 

Hyasynth Bio is expected to present their findings next month at a demonstration in Dublin

http://www.hightimes.com/read/scientists-produce-thc-yeast

[trichcycler]

.....has investigated the prospect of genetic modification, and in one sample she tested she found a trace of a substance often associated with genetically modified crops, strengthening concerns that some strains of cannabis have been genetically modified.

 

In her study entitled 'Investigations into the Hypothesis of Transgenic Cannabis' just published in the 'Journal of Forensic Sciences', Dr Cascini raises the possibility that this substance is a contaminant perhaps from a cover crop used to conceal the illegal cultivation.

 

Dr Cascini points out we already know that cultivation techniques have increased the potency of marijuana. Novel varieties such as, for instance, ''sinsemilla'' (from the Spanish ''sin semilla''--without seeds-- which is obtained from unpollinated female plants) and growing plants from selected seeds via intensive indoor methods, mean THC concentrations can reach as high as 20-30%.

 

Cascini also points out that genetic modification of plants used to produce psychoactive drugs has already definitely happened. Research recently published in the academic journal 'Plant Biotechnology Journal' demonstrated it was possible to genetically modify the morphine poppy to boost production of morphine-like substances from the plant by 15-30% dry weight.

 

Genetic modification of plants is growing - Vitamins have been increased 6-15-fold in plants through GM. Genetic modification of tobacco has altered aroma and nicotine content.

 

If Dr Cascini is right and Cannabis has been genetically modified to render it more potent - who would have done this? She speculates that those interested in the transgenic modification of cannabis might not just be those involved in illegal production, but could in fact include the Pharmaceutical Industry, because of the economic implications.

 

http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/dr-raj-persaud/has-cannabis-been-secretly-modified-_b_1688684.html

[trichcycler]

Science: Production of THC by genetically modified bacteria

 

 

Scientists of the Technical University of Dortmund, Germany, have genetically manipulated bacteria in a manner that allows them to produce the main psychoactive compound of cannabis. This procedure for the production of THC (dronabinol) is thought to be less laborious and therefore cheaper in comparison to the currently used procedure in Germany, said Oliver Kayser of the university on 17 August.

 

To date, dronabinol has been produced from fibre hemp in Germany. Cannabidiol (CBD) is extracted from this hemp and converted into THC. Chemical extraction from THC-rich drug hemp is not allowed in Germany. The synthetic manufacture of dronabinol would also be costly in comparison to the new procedure. Kayser is anticipating production costs with the new procedure of only about 2,500 EURos per kilogram of THC. E. coli bacteria with isolated genes are responsible for the production of THC in the plant are used. Together with a pharmaceutical company, the University of Dortmund is planning the foundation of a company for THC production.

http://www.cannabis-med.org/english/bulletin/ww_en_db_cannabis_artikel.php?id=329

[mrd]

Provide proof about Soros. I have seen this on the web but no proof. You think Soros works for anyone? How many billions does he own which he made via trading? He does not invest for the long term so if he owns a company it is due to him thinking the price is going to go up and the reverse if he thinks it is going to go down. He was the most anti communist individual for many years donating copiers to the USSR with the provision that they had to be public because he felt freedom of info was what led to democracy.  I have had tea arty members say he turned in his arents to the Nazis so he could escape when he was 12. But when you look it u it turns out to be lies. 

 

What would be his incentive? Not like he is looking for spare change in the sofa. He has been against the criminalization of drugs forever because he felt it was oppressive and should be dealt as a health concern.  

 

I suspect that the rumors surrounding him might be generated by those who are against his liberal politics.  

[trichcycler]

Provide proof about Soros. I have seen this on the web but no proof. You think Soros works for anyone? How many billions does he own which he made via trading? He does not invest for the long term so if he owns a company it is due to him thinking the price is going to go up and the reverse if he thinks it is going to go down. He was the most anti communist individual for many years donating copiers to the USSR with the provision that they had to be public because he felt freedom of info was what led to democracy.  I have had tea arty members say he turned in his arents to the Nazis so he could escape when he was 12. But when you look it u it turns out to be lies. 

 

What would be his incentive? Not like he is looking for spare change in the sofa. He has been against the criminalization of drugs forever because he felt it was oppressive and should be dealt as a health concern.  

 

I suspect that the rumors surrounding him might be generated by those who are against his liberal politics.

I've no idea of the claim's accuracy, but you've piques my interest. I found a couple links on the subject interesting.

http://naturalsociety.com/world-bank-nominee-tied-to-monsanto-shareholder-bill-gates-soros/

http://www.thoughtful-living.org/2012/09/23/gmos/gmo-cannabis-like-gmo-soybeans/

[mrd]

Well this would drop the cost of thc through the floor. AS an example there is a sugar that can be derived from insects and shrimp called Trehalose. It used to be very exensive. Then someone figured out how to grow it in vats in the manner similar to what is described above. It now retails for 10 bucks a lb. 

[trichcycler]

Beware the synthesized THC.

THC is one of perhaps hundreds of active compounds responsible for our relief.

Big Pharma has made errors in the past isolating and using only

select chemicals of cannabis. I believe we need the synergistic, or entourage effects of the total experience.

Growing your own adds to the experience on even another level.

[trichcycler]

 

The Incredible True Story Of How Cannabis Is Coming To Right-Aid

 

 

HortaPharm developed the first homozygote cannabis (a plant with two identical sets of chromosomes), enabling the company to produce strains overwhelmingly high in a single cannabinoid. It’s long been known that THC is the “active ingredient” in pot—it’s what gets a person stoned. But more recent research has found numerous other cannabinoids in the plant, which have different effects on the body. One that’s shown early promise for antiseizure and antianxiety properties is cannabidiol, or CBD. Watson could grow plants that were 98 percent THC, or 98 percent CBD, or whatever. 

 

http://www.takepart.com/feature/2014/03/05/coming-soon-to-pharmacies-marijuana

 

GMO Cannabis right here folks !!!!!!

Sativex is a GMO product !!   Yummy !!!!

[Restorium2]

The Incredible True Story Of How Cannabis Is Coming To Right-Aid

 

 

HortaPharm developed the first homozygote cannabis (a plant with two identical sets of chromosomes), enabling the company to produce strains overwhelmingly high in a single cannabinoid. It’s long been known that THC is the “active ingredient” in pot—it’s what gets a person stoned. But more recent research has found numerous other cannabinoids in the plant, which have different effects on the body. One that’s shown early promise for antiseizure and antianxiety properties is cannabidiol, or CBD. Watson could grow plants that were 98 percent THC, or 98 percent CBD, or whatever. 

 

http://www.takepart.com/feature/2014/03/05/coming-soon-to-pharmacies-marijuana

 

GMO Cannabis right here folks !!!!!!

Sativex is a GMO product !!   Yummy !!!!

I don't think so. GW says they breed plants to make the strains used for their extract Sativex. Not a GMO. 

[trichcycler]

the breeding of plants comes after the genes are manipulated (chemically most likely) to produce the first "seed", forcing the multiple identical chromosomal expressions. After that they "breed" the expression into other strains, all resulting in a non organic, in fact, gmo line.  try google, start with colchicine, lol. its been discussed for decades. this is the dream world of the gmo culturist, and the prize for tinkering growers.

[trichcycler]

GMO plants are "bred" all the time for thought.

 

 

By treating cannabis seeds with the powerful, readily available, mutagen colchicine, genetically modified “polyploid” marijuana, with higher levels of marijuana’s active ingredient THC, is created. Simple genetic testing of confiscated marijuana by police laboratories can easily determine if plants are polyploid (have more than the usual two sets of chromosomes) and therefore illegal under any GM crop ban.

 

Unlike the heavily regulated laboratory genetic modification work of companies and universities improving legal crops, marijuana is modified in unregulated underground labs without oversight. For instance:

◾The online marijuana growers guide (section 18-7) explains: “Polyploid Cannabis plants were produced by treatment with the alkaloid colchicine. Colchicine interferes with normal mitosis, the process in which cells are replicated. During replication, the normal doubling of chromosomes occurs, but colchicine prevents normal separation of the chromosomes into two cells. The cell then is left twice (or more then) the normal chromosome count. … experiments concluded that polyploids contained higher concentrations of the ‘active ingredient’. …Polyploid Cannabis has been found to be larger, with larger leaves and flowers.”

◾A 95-page 2009 paper by Sam R. Zwenger is titled, “The Biotechnology of Cannabis sativa.” Zwenger gives complete instructions for marijuana tissue culture and genetic modification.

◾Robert C. Clarke, in his book Marijuana Botany: The propagation and breeding of distinctive cannabis, explains, “Many clandestine cultivators have started polyploid strains with colchicine…. (Colchicine) treated plants showed a 166-250% increase in THC…possibly colchicine or the resulting polyploidy interferes with cannabinoid biogenesis to favor THC.”

 

Robert C Clarke is the co-founder and lead botanist of Netherlands-based Hortapharm.

 

Hortpharm research is behind “Project CBD”, dedicated to developing the high Cannabinoid, low THC varieties favored by the doctor in Santa Monica. The Project CBD website explains:

 

 

“In the spring of 1998, the British government licensed a company called GW Pharmaceuticals to grow Cannabis and develop a precisely consistent plant extract for use in clinical trials. GW's co-founder Geoffrey Guy, MD, was convinced —and had convinced the Home Office— that by using CBD-rich plants, GW could produce a Cannabis-based medicine with little or no psychoactive effect. That summer Guy described his approach at a meeting of the International Cannabinoid Research Society…. It was assumed that generations of breeding for maximum THC had reduced CBD in California cannabis to trace levels. GW had gotten its CBD-rich strains by acquiring the genetic library of HortaPharm, a Dutch seed company run by American ex-pat naturalists, David Watson and Robert Clarke…..”

 

In other words, Project CBD got its genetic library from the guy who literally wrote the book on genetically modified marijuana.

Edited January 12, 2015 by grassmatch

[trichcycler]

 

by Andrew Walden

 

Growing most potent strains of marijuana is now a crime again under newly enacted county ordinances on Kauai and the Big Island. If Maui County follows suit and passes a proposed ordinance modeled on the Kauai law, marijuana growers will be subject to stiff new penalties there as well. The changes are due to the recent enactment of anti-GMO legislation by county councils. In all three anti-GMO bills, “gene doubling” is expressly identified as a form of genetic modification subject to the law. The most potent forms of marijuana are modified by a primitive genetic modification technique which involves soaking the seeds in colchicine—a carcinogenic derivative of crocus bulbs--until the DNA doubles (or even quadruples) which in turn doubles or quadruples the production of THC. This method produces the highest potency marijuana varieties and the seeds commonly sold by online vendors.

 

In Kauai County, (and potentially Maui County) marijuana growers raising GMO varieties of marijuana are required to register “no later than sixty (60) days following the end of each calendar year” -- March 2, 2014. They must report “a general description of each genetically modified organism, a general description of the geographic location including at minimum the Tax Map Key and ahupua’a where each genetically modified organism is being grown or developed, and dates that each genetically modified organism was initially introduced to the land in question.”

 

Failure to report the site of GMO marijuana grow op(s) will result in ”a civil fine of $10,000-$25,000 per day, per violation” and “shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than two-thousand dollars ($2,000.00), or imprisoned not more than one (1) year, or both, for each offense. The continuance of any violation after conviction shall be deemed a new criminal offense for each day that the violation or violations continue.”

 

Note that the $10,000 per day fine is a mandatory daily minimum—40 days of violations on one TMK results in a minimum of $400K or a maximum of $1,000,000 in fines—usually enough to justify seizing a grower’s house and land.

 

The only way marijuana growers can avoid these fines is to register the location and ownership of their grow-ops.

 

In Hawaii County anti-GMO Bill 113 became effective with Mayor Billy Kenoi’s signature December 5, 2013. Its requirements are different than the law on Kauai and the bill proposed for Maui. For instance “no person shall knowingly engage in the open air cultivation, propagation, development, or testing of genetically engineered crops or plants.” This prohibits all outdoor grow-ops including those operating within medical marijuana limits.

 

Indoor grow-ops on the Big Island will be subject to registration requirements or a $1000 per day fine effective March 5, 2014:

 

 

“All persons engaged in any form of cultivation, propagation, development, or indoor testing of genetically engineered crops or plants of any kind shall register annually beginning within ninety days of the effective date of this article, and shall pay an annual registration fee of $100 per location….

 

“Any person who violates any provision of this article shall be guilty of a violation, and upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to a fine of up to $ 1,000 for each separate violation. The person shall be deemed to be guilty of a separate offense for each and every day a violation of this article is committed, continued, or permitted for each location. To the extent permitted by law, the person found in violation of this article shall also be responsible for all costs of investigation and testing, as well as for court costs, including but not limited to witness fees and witness expenses.”

 

For police departments and prosecutors, the challenge will be distinguishing genetically modified marijuana while in the field. Fortunately, there are simple guidelines available such as this one which comes from a respected Canadian mail order seed vendor:

 

Polyploid Traits (Click trait for image):

◾Ducksfoot

◾Four sets of leaves at the nodes

◾Stretched (doubled) flowers

◾Dark green leaves

◾Double bud sites

◾Heavy feeder

◾High water consumption

◾Thick meristem

◾Pistil discoloration (pink pistils under black light)

◾Extreme potency

◾Vigour and extra growth on first generation

 

VIDEO: Every strain shown in this video is GMO.

 

 

 

This information provides police departments with a handy way to identify suspected GMO strains of marijuana in the field, seize them and send the plant material for genetic testing to confirm the presence of illegal polyploid characteristics. Fines could also be calculated based on expert testimony about the age of the plant, racking up between $400,000 and $1,000,000 in fines for a single mature 40-day old plant (up to $40,000 fine on the Big Island) without having to conduct 40 days of surveillance.

 

Anti-GMO potheads imposed these laws on themselves. They deserve to suffer until the ordinances are repealed. This is justice.

 

---30---

 

GMO Marijuana: Polyploidy: Origins of Pink Kush, OG Kush, Chemdawg

 

Background:

 

TEXT: Kauai Bill 2491 Draft 1 (as enacted)

 

(Same as Maui bill, below)

 

TEXT: Maui Comm 13-381 (as introduced)

 

“Genetically modified” means produced from an organism or organisms in which the genetic material has been genetically engineered through the application of:

 

(1) In vitro nucleic acid techniques, which include, but are not limited to: recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques; direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles; encapsulation; gene deletion; and doubling;

 

(b) It shall be mandatory for all commercial agricultural entities that intentionally or knowingly possess any genetically modified organism to disclose the presence of said genetically modified organism.

 

(1) Annual public reports of all genetically modified organisms intentionally or knowingly possessed during each calendar year shall be provided to the Office of Economic Development and shall be posted online on the County website. Direct notification to the Department documenting such disclosure shall occur no later than sixty (60) days following the end of each calendar year.

 

(2) Disclosure shall include a general description of each genetically modified organism, a general description of the geographic location including at minimum the Tax Map Key and ahupua’a where each genetically modified organism is being grown or developed, and dates that each genetically modified organism was initially introduced to the land in question.

 

Sec. 22-22.7 Penalties.

 

(a) Any person, firm, or corporation, whether as principal, agent, employee, or otherwise, violating, causing, or permitting the violation of any of the provisions of this Article, shall be assessed a civil fine of $10,000-$25,000 per day, per violation.

 

(b) In addition to any penalty described in Subsection 22-22.7(a), any person, firm, or corporation, whether as principal, agent, employee, or otherwise, violating or causing or permitting the violation of any of the provisions of this Article, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than two-thousand dollars ($2,000.00), or imprisoned not more than one (1) year, or both, for each offense. The continuance of any violation after conviction shall be deemed a new criminal offense for each day that the violation or violations continue.

 

* * * * *

 

TEXT: Hawaii Co Bill 113 (as enacted) December 5, 2013

 

Section 14- Definitions.

 

As used in this article, unless otherwise specified:

 

Genetically engineered" means an organism that has been modified at the molecular or cellular level by means that are not possible under natural conditions or processes. Such means include recombinant DNA and RNA techniques, cell fusion, microencapsulation, macroencapsulation gene deletion and doubling, introducing a foreign gene, and changing the position of genes.

 

Section 14-_ Prohibition.

 

No person shall knowingly engage in the open air cultivation, propagation, development, or testing of genetically engineered crops or plants.

 

Section 14 Registration.

 

a) All persons engaged in any form of cultivation, propagation, development, or indoor testing of genetically engineered crops or plants of any kind shall register annually beginning within ninety days of the effective date of this article, and shall pay an annual registration fee of $100 per location

 

Section 14- Penalties.

 

Any person who violates any provision of this article shall be guilty of a violation, and upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to a fine of up to $ 1,000 for each separate violation. The person shall be deemed to be guilty of a separate offense for each and every day a violation of this article is committed, continued, or permitted for each location. To the extent permitted by law, the person found in violation of this article shall also be responsible for all costs of investigation and testing, as well as for court costs, including but not limited to witness fees and witness expenses.

[trichcycler]

Medical marijuana advocates would do well to examine anti-genetic modification efforts in California. These California initiatives are a back-door way of re-prohibiting medical marijuana under the guise of banning GM plants.

 

California leads the nation in medical marijuana with the 1996 voter approval of California Proposition 215. Yet Northern California’s Mendocino County, where marijuana is reputedly the single largest cash crop, on March 2, 2004, passed a voter initiative outlawing genetically modified (GM) crops from farmers’ fields. This initiative bans all genetically modified plants--including GM marijuana. On August 3, Trinity County, California became the second county in America to ban the production of GM crops and animals. Four other California counties; Butte, Humboldt (another big marijuana producer), Marin, and San Luis Obispo, will vote in November on GM crop bans.

 

By approving the anti-GM initiative, voters in Mendocino County, have unwittingly given a weapon to drug enforcement agents who can now use these voter-approved anti-GM ordinances to justify raids against marijuana cultivators--even small growers within the “medical marijuana” limits. What protesters and voters alike have missed is that today’s potent varieties of marijuana were developed by genetic modification.

 

By treating cannabis seeds with the powerful, readily available, mutagen colchicine, genetically modified “polyploid” marijuana, with higher levels of marijuana’s active ingredient THC, is created. Simple genetic testing of confiscated marijuana by police laboratories can easily determine if plants are polyploid (have more than the usual two sets of chromosomes) and therefore illegal under the new GM crop bans.

 

The “BC Growers Association” website carries a long dissertation on the use of colchicine to create new marijuana varieties with higher THC content. The BC growers say, “Many clandestine cultivators have started polyploid strains with colchicine.”

 

The website, www.Dutch-ganja.com says, “Polyploid Cannabis plants were produced by treatment with the alkaloid colchicine. Polyploids contained higher concentrations of the ‘active ingredient.’"

 

R. C. Clarke’s paper, “Weed Botany” states, “(Colchicine) treated plants showed a 166-250% increase in THC…possibly colchicine or the resulting polyploidy interferes with cannabinoid biogenesis to favor THC.”

 

Any who pass by an anti-Genetically Modified (GM) foods rally can attest to the connection between the protesters and marijuana. The pungent aroma of their beloved herb wafts through the air, taunting crowd-control police to enforce the ever-weakening laws against marijuana possession. There is a hilarious piece of satire floating around the internet which speculates about the deleterious effect on the anti-GM movement when future scientists devise a genetically modified “super weed” marijuana strain.

 

Apparently the protesters and the anonymous satirist don’t know--the future is already here--and anti-GM activists are causing pro-medical marijuana California voters to vote marijuana right back into illegality.

[trichcycler]

Creating the perception of scarcity by only approving 3% applicants of marijuana growers and retailers may have ulterior motive – the pave the way for the need for genetically modified marijuana to be provided by the Bio Tech industry; specifically Monsanto.

 

In Colorado, the infiltration of genetically modified marijuana is being fostered by United Cannabis (UCANN) and dispensaries such as RiverRock .

http://www.occupycorporatism.com/washington-state-pot-scare-rise-gmo-marijuana/

 

 

Earnest Backmon, president and chairman of the board for UCANN is also the “owner and the master grower at RiverRock Colorado and is responsible for the production, processing, workflow management, JIT inventory control, security, staffing, training and recruiting.”

 

UCANN prides themselves on developing a “unique proprietary cannabinoid therapy program” who is currently partnered with “domestically and internationally with local businessmen, entrepreneurs, scientists, and government agencies for the purpose of promoting Best Practices in Planning, Procedures, Governance and Patient Care.”

 

On the board of directors for UCANN, sits John C. Hunter , consultant and special advisor to the executive board, who began his career into genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with Monsanto in 1969.

[Restorium2]

the breeding of plants comes after the genes are manipulated (chemically most likely) to produce the first "seed", forcing the multiple identical chromosomal expressions. After that they "breed" the expression into other strains, all resulting in a non organic, in fact, gmo line.  try google, start with colchicine, lol. its been discussed for decades. this is the dream world of the gmo culturist, and the prize for tinkering growers.

You made that up.

[Seefdro]

Really interesting.

 

Does anyone know if Michigan is looking into these legalities in regards to GMO and MM in the state?

[medmanmike]

I've seen glowing mushrooms.

I was glowing once, after eating some mushrooms.